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Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected drug users: a meta-analysis Malta, Monica Siqueira Magnanini, Monica Maria Ferreira Steffanie A. Strathdee Bastos, Francisco Inácio Pinkusfeld Monteiro Abstract We conducted a meta-analysis of studies assessing adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and a qualitative systematic review of factors associated with better HAART outcomes among HIV? drug users (DU). Thirty-eight studies were considered, which analyzed 14,960 patients (11,394 HIV? DU, 76.2%). Overall adherence (pooled percent of DU classified as adherent in each study) was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52– 0.68), similar to levels identified by studies conducted with HIV? patients who are not drug users. Time frame used to measure adherence was an independent predictor of interstudy heterogeneity. The systematic review identified better HAART outcomes among former DU, those with less severe psychiatric conditions, those receiving opioid substitution therapy and/or psychosocial support. Patients initiating HAART with lower viral load and higher CD4 counts, and those without co-infections also had better treatment outcomes. Our findings suggest that HIV? DU tend to be inappropriately assumed to be less adherent and unlikely to achieve desirable treatment outcomes, when compared to their non-DU cohort. 2011-05-02T18:28:44Z 2011-05-02T18:28:44Z 2010 journal article MALTA, Monica Siqueira et. al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected drug users: a meta-analysisAIDS and Behavior, v.14, p.731–747, 2010. 1573-3254 https://arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2281 10.1007/s10461-008-9489-7 eng open access application/pdf Elsevier